মুহাম্মদ বিন আব্দুল ওহাব. জীবন, শিক্ষা ও কর্ম

Table of Contents

The Motivation Behind This Work ...................................................... 3

The Life of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab .................................... 7

The Family of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab ...................................               12

Travels to Attain Knowledge .................................................................            16

Return to al-Uyainah and Travels to Basra and al-Ahsaa ......................              20

Huraimila and the Beginning of the Call (Dawah) ................................               26

Residence in al-Uyainah ........................................................................           29

Migration to al-Diriyyah ........................................................................            35

A New Stage in the Call (Dawah): Jihad ...............................................            41

External Enemies ...................................................................................          46

The Death of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab .....................................              54

The Personality of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab ............................               55

The Results of ibn Abdul-Wahhaab’s Efforts ........................................             59

The Salient and Revivalist Teachings of Muhammad ibn

Abdul-Wahhaab ...................................................................................          65

The Religious Situation in Najd ............................................................              70

Ibn Abdul-Wahhaab and Aqeedah(Beliefs and Faith) .......................... 79

Ibn Abdul-Wahhaab’s Methodology .....................................................              80

ibn Abdul-Wahhaab’s Belief in Allah ...................................................              86

Tauheedof Ibaadah...............................................................................        89

Ibn Abdul-Wahhaab and the Question of Who is a Muslim ..................                97

Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab, Islamic Jurisprudence,

Juristic Reasoning and Blind Following .............................................. 101

Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab and Dawah[Propagating the Faith],

Ordering Good and Eradicating Evil ...................................................                111

The Importance of Ordering Good and Eradicating Evil .....................  112

His Methodology of Dawah[Propagating the Faith] and of Ordering

Good and Eradicating Evil ...................................................................              115

Issues of Priority ..................................................................................            125

Ibn Abdul-Wahhaab and the Qualities of the One Who Orders Good

and Eradicates Evil ..............................................................................             127

The Comprehensiveness of ibn Abdul-Wahhaab’s Approach to

Ordering Good and Eradicating Evil ...................................................                134

Summary ..............................................................................................           140

The Legacy and Influence of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab ... 141

The Writings of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab .............................. 141

Works on Aqeedahor Islamic Beliefs .................................................              143

Works on Fiqh or Islamic Jurisprudence .............................................                148

Works Related to the Life of the Prophet (peace and blessings

of Allah be upon him) ..........................................................................             151

Works of Hadith ..................................................................................             152

Works Related to Tafseer(Quranic Exegesis) .....................................              153

The Collected Writings of ibn Abdul-Wahhaab .................................. 154

His Students .........................................................................................            154

Note on the Use of the Words “Wahhabis” and “Wahhabism” ........... 157

Ibn Abdul-Wahhaab’s Influence Outside of Najd ............................... 161

Introductory Comments .......................................................................             162

Yemen ..................................................................................................          169

Iraq .......................................................................................................          170

Al-Shaam (“Greater Syria”) ................................................................              171

Egypt ....................................................................................................           172

North Africa .........................................................................................           173

Sub-Saharan Africa ..............................................................................            176

The Indo-Pak Subcontinent .................................................................              178

Indonesia ..............................................................................................           184

Thailand ...............................................................................................            186

Turkistan ..............................................................................................           186

Factors Contributing to the Great Influence of ibn Abdul-Wahhaab ....  187

Conclusions .........................................................................................             190

Opponents and Criticisms of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab ..  192

The Nature and Importance of Trials and Tribulations .......................  192

A Note on Methodology ......................................................................              193

The Motivation Behind the Opposition to Muhammad ibn

Abdul-Wahhaab ...................................................................................            197

The Opponents and Critics ..................................................................              208

Works Refuting the Critics ..................................................................              219

An Overview of the Criticisms and Allegations Made Against

ibn Abdul-Wahhaab, His Teachings and His Call ............................... 222

Blatant fabrications concerning the call of ibn Abdul-Wahhaab .........    223

Misconceptions concerning his call .....................................................               224

Objections to some of the issues related to the call ............................. 225

The Allegation that ibn Abdul-Wahhaab Claimed Prophethood .........    226

The Allegation that ibn Abdul-Wahhaab Belittled the Prophet

(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ........................................                228

The Question of Declaring People Outside the Fold of Islam and

Fighting Against Them ........................................................................              231

The Claim that the “Wahhabis” Are from the Khawaarij .................... 236

The Allegation That the Horn of Satan Rises from ibn

Abdul-Wahhaab’s Najd .......................................................................             238

The Allegation that ibn Abdul-Wahhaab Considered Some Things

to be Disbelief (Kufr) Which Are Not Disbelief ..................................               240

The Allegation that ibn Abdul-Wahhaab revolted against the Ottoman

Caliphate ..............................................................................................           247

The Issue of Tawassul(Seeking a Means of Nearness to Allah)

and Seeking Relief from Other Than Allah .........................................                249

The Question of Seeking the Prophet’s Intercession ............................               257

The Issues of Demolishing Tombs and Visiting the Graves ................  261

Conclusions .........................................................................................             263

Recent English Literature on Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab....               268

General Studies on Islam .....................................................................              268

Western Travelers ................................................................................            272

De Corancez ........................................................................................            274

Burckhardt ...........................................................................................            276

Two Recent Writings ...........................................................................             279

Algar ....................................................................................................           279

Schwartz ..............................................................................................           295

Attar, Abdul-Azeez ibn Baaz and al-Huqail ........................................                306

Conclusion ...........................................................................................            307

Lessons for Today’s World from the Life of Muhammad ibn Abdul-

Wahhaab .............................................................................................           309

The Importance of Starting with Correcting One’s Beliefs (Aqeedah) in

Theory and Practice .............................................................................            311

Not to Despair No Matter How Great the Ignorance and Wrongdoing

May Be .................................................................................................          315

The Importance of “Education” For All ..............................................                322

Following the “Cause and Effect” in This World While Putting One’s

Complete Trust in Allah ......................................................................              326

The Necessity of Having Support for the Call .....................................                328

Having Full Certainty with Respect to the Absolute Importance

of Following the Truth .........................................................................              333

The Importance of Turning to Allah ....................................................               336

Refusal to Compromise the Fundamental Beliefs ............................... 338

Using All Available Permissible Means for the Sake of the Mission....  339

The Caller Himself and Those With Him Must Apply the Principles

of the Call ............................................................................................            342

The Importance of Refuting the Doubts and Allegations Concerning

the True Call ........................................................................................            343

Realizing What Means the Enemies of the Truth May Resort to ........  345

Importance of Being United with the Muslims Whenever Possible....     347

Realizing that the Worker May Not See All of the Fruits of His Efforts

in His Lifetime .....................................................................................            349

Truth or Falsehood is Not To be Affirmed Simply Based on Numbers    350

The Importance of Understanding the Contemporary Reality .............  354

Ascribing Partners to Allah (Shirk) is The Greatest Evil and All Means

Must Be Taken to Avoid It ..................................................................             355

Table 1. Summary of al-Khamees’ Study Concerning Forbidden Acts

that are Means to Shirk ........................................................................            365

Conclusions .........................................................................................          367

The Importance and Necessity of Returning to the Pure and Original

Teachings of Islam ...............................................................................            367

The Concept of Tajdeed(“Revivalism”) ............................................                368

Ibn Abdul-Wahhaab’s Motivation .......................................................               370

Final Words .........................................................................................            373

Glossary ...............................................................................................           375

Bibliography ........................................................................................             381

Works in English .................................................................................             381

Works in Arabic ...................................................................................            383